Equipment for rating by volume, weight, and zone



Sept. 14, 1954 E. KoLlscH 2,588,878

' EQUIPMENT FOR RATING BY VOLUME, WEIGHT, AND ZONE Filed March 28, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORN EYS Sept. 14, 1954 E. KoLlscH 2,588,878

EQUIPMENT FOR RATNG BY VOLUME, WEIGHT, AND ZONE Filed March 28, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 L: in, l

E. KOLISCH sept. 14, 1954 EQUIPMENT FOR RATING BY VOLUME, WEIGHT, AND ZONE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 28 1951 lNvENToR Ema/Z Kolsck Z ig. I

ATTORNEYS fia Sept. 14, 1954 E. KoLlscH 2,688,878

EQUIPMENT FOR RATNG BY VOLUME, WEIGHT, AND ZONE Filed March 28, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORN EYS Patented Sept. 14, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EQUIPMENT FOR RATING BY VOLUME,

WEIGHT, AND ZONE Emil Kolisch, New York, N. Y., assignor to Continental Silver Co., Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application March 28, 1951, Serial No. 217-5934 `transportation services base their charge on volume.

`Where, in order to determine the shipping charge, an object mustbe measured by rule or vtape and the length, width and height multiplied to determine Volume, whether with or without lresort to multiplication tables, and the weight of the object must be separately determined by placing it on afweighing scale and the two values compared in order to determine which is the `proper basis of charge, such operations are timeconsuming, costly and subject to error.

Where to measure the length, width and height of an object, a plurality of microswitches are utilized, positioned along the three axes of a three dimensionalsystem of rectangular coordinates and the microswitches each has a spring urged plunger, depressed by the weight of an object placed thereagainst, to close the associated microswitch to measure such parameters through suitable means, it has been found that the spring urged plunger push the objects away therefrom, especially when such object is of little weight, causing the microswitches to open with resultant inaccurate measurement.

, In addition where such microswitches are utilized, .if the edges of the object being measured should be pushed in or if the object should be irregular in shape, some of the microswitches will not be actuated, also with resultant inaccuracy in measurement.

Where the microswitches are utilized to control `a plurality of series connected resistors to place in circuit resistance of `value correlated with the parameter being measured, a complicated arrangement is required, which is highly critical and diicult to adjust. t

1t is accordingly among the objects of the invention to provide a simple, expeditious and reliable equipment, with relatively few movingk parts not likely to become deranged and which may readily be operated automatically, speedily and accurately to measure the volume of such object without need for microswitches or complicated resistance circuits and also to measure the weight of such object and to rate such objects according to volume or Weight and (based 19 Claims'. (Cl. "I3-432) trical circuits automatically determines such parameters and the volume classification of such object. Simultaneously the weight classification of the object is determined by means of a suitable weighing scale on which the object may rest while determining the volumetric classification.

The classifications simultaneously effected of volume and weight are automatically correlated, according to the invention, in such manner that within a given range of relationship between volume and Weight, the weight controls the charge rating desirably registered on ameter, while outside of that range the basis of the meter rating is automtaically shifted for volume to be the controlling parameter.

The volume measuring portion ofthe rating equipment desirably comprises a frame having a horizontal platform and an end and rear wall, each having a slidable measuring member which may be moved to engage the extremities of the object to determine its maximum dimensions such as its length, width and height respectively, and the weight measuring portion comprises a weighing scale associated with the frame and carrying the latter so that an object placed on said platform simultaneously will have its dimensions and weight determined.

Each of the slidable members controls a switch which automatically places in circuit a current limiting means or resistance having a value correlated respectively with the three parameters being measured. By connecting the three resistances in parallel, the output from such parallel circuit will be the sum of the currents therethrough. The resistances controlled by the switches are so calibrated that the current therethrough is proportional to the logarithm of each dimension of the object being measured. Consequently the sum of the currents through the three resistances connected in parallel will be proportional to the sum of such logarithms so that an anti-logarithmic scale on an appropriate indicating device or meter actuated by such combineol current will indicate the product or Volumetric rating of the object being measured, and of course can render such reading in monetary value as is ordinarily preferred. Simultaneously with the metering of volume the weighing scale is designed to place in circuit current limiting means or a resistance correlated with the weight of the object.

In one application in which the reading is effected only by weight or only by volume, but in which the relation of weight to volume automatically determines the reading controlling factor, the current limiting means or resistances controlled by volume and those controlled by weight are so correlated that for corresponding numerical values in the volume sequence vand the Weight sequence, the currents passed thereby are equal. That is, for a given volume, a given Weight is to have the same monetary rating and that relationship between volume and weight is proportionally maintained throughout the range of the equipment. To this end, a bank of resistances is controlled by the weighing scale and the magnitude of each resistance element in that bank is equal to the magnitude of resistance of the parallel connected resistances which determine the corresponding volume rating.

Of the two currents (weight controlled and volume controlled), that which preponderates, controls the reading of the meter and in the preferred embodiment, when the currents are equal, it is the weight current that controls the meter. To effect such control, it is preferred to connect the parallel connected volume resistances and the weight resistances in a suitable discriminator circuit, such as for example, a Wheatstone bridge, in which the volume resistances form one arm thereof and the weight resistance forms another arm thereof. A relay across such bridge is actuated by predominance, say of volume controlled current,.to shift the connection for feeding volume controlled current to the meter, and the relay is biased to feed weight controlled current to such meter` at all other times.

In order to insure correct readings on the rating meter, according to another feature of the invention, the rating meter is in a circuit separate and distinct from the bridge circuit, and such separate circuit includes sets of resistors, identical respectively to those heretofore described for volume and weight determination and the two sets of resistors are controlled by interrelated switches so that the resistance connected in circuit of both sets of resistors is in all respects identical at all times.

This application is a continuation-impart of f copending application Serial No. 201,905, filed December 2l, 1950.

In the accompanying drawings in which are shown one or more of various possible embodiments of the several features of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an illustrative equipment for rating rectangular objects,

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view on a f larger scale of a corner of the equipment shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view 0n a larger scale taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 5 is a front elevational view of the equipment shown in Fig. 1 on a larger scale with parts broken away,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on a larger scale taken along line 6-6 of Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on a larger scale taken along line 1-1 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 8 is a detail view taken along line 8-8 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 9 is a simplified circuit diagram showing the principle of the invention, and

Fig. 10 is a more elaborate circuit diagram indicating the application of the principle of the invention in a substantially commercial embodiment thereof.

Before proceeding to a description of the circuits, an equipment with which the invention may be practiced, will be briefly described.

The rating equipment will be described as suitable for rating by volume, objects up to a length of ve units, height of five units and width of five units in increments of one unit, from two units up and for rating by weight objects up to five units in increments of one unit from one unit up. It is of course to be understood that the equipment could rate objects of much greater range of size or weight and the above simple example herein illustrate the principles of the invention. The units of length, width and height maybe centimeters, meters, inches, feet, yards or any arbitrary unit of length as desired, and the units of weight may be grams, ounces or pounds, or any arbitrary unit of weight as desired.

In Fig. 1 is shown a rectangular housing 2| illustratively a box of any suitable material having an open top 22. Mounted on the oor 23 of the housing 2| as shown in Fig. 5, are weight determining means such as a weighing scale 24 which may be of any suitable type, such as for example, that put out by Pitney-Bowes Company and designated by the trade-mark Postometer and such weighing scale will only be described to the extent necessary for a clear understanding of the invention. As shown in Fig. 5 the weighing scale comprises a vertically movable support 21 controlled by a weight placed thereon to move the actuating arm 28 affixed thereto as at 29.

The free end 32 of the actuating arm 28 carries a rack 33 which engages a pinion 34 alxed on a transverse shaft 35 rotatively mounted in suitable bearings 36 and 31 as shown in Fig. 6 at the free ends of fixed arms 38 and 39 respectively extending obliquely upwardly from the bottom of the weighing scale 24. Mounted on shaft 35 as shown in Fig. 6 is a drum 42 which desirably has axial hubs 43 on each of the end walls 44 and 45 thereof, said hubs being rigidly afllxed to said transverse shaft by means of set screws 46.

Aixed on the periphery of the drum 42 adjacent end wall 44 thereof, and extending radially outward therefrom, are a pair of brackets 5I and 52, shown in Figs. 6 and 7, which are circumferentially displaced from each other, one of said brackets illustratively bracket 5l being of greater length than the other. Ainxed to the free end of each of the brackets 5I and 52 and extending laterally outward therefrom, desirably in the same direction, are leaf springs 53 and 54 each carrying a roller 55 and 56 respectively at the free end thereof.

Association with each of the rollers 55 and 56 and engaged thereby are concentric contact rings 51 and 58 respectively, each of which, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, desirably comprise a plurality of contact strips 62 affixed to and radially arranged on a plate 63 of insulating material affixed by spacer bolts 64 to arm 38, said plates `t3 lying in a plane parallel to end wall 44 of drum 42 and being interposed between said end wall 44 and rack 33.

`The rollersv 55 and 58 are electrically connected through brackets 5| and 52 and conducting strips 65 and 66 on drum 42, extending longitudinally thereof, to annular slip rings 61 land 68 respectively of conducting material mounted on a plate 69 of insulating material aflixed to end Wall 45 of the drum. As shown in Figs. 6 and 8, slip4 rings 61 and 68 are engaged respectively by rollers 1.3 and 14 mounted at the ends of leaf springs 15` and 16 affixed to and extending laterally out- Ward from brackets 11 and 18 mounted on arm 39 and insulated therefrom.

` Mounted on the vertical support 21 of the weighing scale is a frame 82 by means of which the dimensions of the object being rated can be measured. As shown in Figs. l, 2 and 5 the frame 82 desirably comprises a substantially rectangular platform 83, of dimensions slightly less than that of the open top 22 of the rectangular housing 2|, an end wall 84 and a rear wall 85, said platform and said walls each desirably comprising a pair of spaced parallel plates 86 and 81, as shown in Fig. 2, the plate 86 of platform 83 which forms the floor of frame 82 being afxed to support 21 as by bolts 88 (Fig. 5).

In order to determine the length, Width and height respectively of the rectangular object to be rated, the frame 82 -desirably has a plurality of distance sensing means such as measuring members 92, 93 and 94 slidably mounted thereon adjacent the three axes of a three dimensional system of rectangular coordinates. To this end the plate 81 of platform 83 desirably has a transverse slot 95 therein adjacent the end edge 96 thereof, the plate 81 of wall 84 desirably has a vertical slot 91 therein adjacent the inner edge or origin 98 of the frame and the plate 81 of wall 85 desirably has a longitudinal slot |8| therein adjacent the lower edge |02 thereof.

The measuring members each desirably comprises a. pair of blocks |03, |04 positioned respectively on each side of the associated slot and rewhich extends into the slot to guide the measuring member therealong.

AlthoughI the measuring members as illustratively shown are manually movable along the associated slots, it is of course to be understood that they could be normally spring retained at the ends |I of such slots and moved into engagement with the extremities of the object being measured by any suitable mechanical or electrical 'means which would ybe obvious to one skilled in the art.

` Desirably the screw |01 of each of the measuring members also mounts an insulating strip to the guide member |04 as shown in Fig. 3, the insulating strip carrying a pair of wiper arms ||2 and I I3, which may respectively engage the spaced contact strips I4 affixed on insulating strips I l5 and I6 which extend parallel to each of the slots 95, 91 and |01 on each side thereof respectively. Desirably, the affixed ends of the wiper arms I2 and ||3 are reversely bent as at |20 and each engages a conducting rail l I1 and ||8 respectively, the latter being supported at their ends on the associated plate 81 and insulated therefrom. Each of the plates 81 desirably has an insulating panel ||9 mounted on the `inner face thereof which support the various resis-y tors utilized in the operation of the equipment and which will be more fully described hereinafter.

With the construction above described, after the measuring members 92, 93 and 94 are moved to the ends ||0 of the associated slo-ts if, for example, a rectangular object, is placed on platform 83 as shown in Fig. 1 with its corner at the origin 98 and engaging the end wall 84 and the rear wall and the measuring members are moved along their associated slots so that the associated fingers |03 engage the top, end and side of the box, the wiper arms |2 and I I3 controlled by `each of the measuring members, will engage the associated contact strips ||4 correlated with the longitudinal, transverse and vertical dmensionpf the object. In addition the weight of the object on the platform 3 will affect the weighing scale, which is previously set at zero to compensate for the weight of the frame 82, so that the contact rollers 55 and 58 mounted on the drum `42 will engage the associated contact strips 62 on rings 51 and I50 correlated with the weight of the object.

The electrical circuits hereinafter described are controlled by the dimensions and by the weight of the object in order to determine the desired rating (whether according to volume or to weight) upon a meter |22 mounted on the front wall |23 of the housing 2| and which desidably is calibrated in monetary units such as in cents, automatically to register the charge or rating of the particular object.

If desired the housing may also have a meter |24 indicating volume and a meter |25 indicating weight. The equipment may also have one or more additional control switches to introduce further factors that may be significant in determining the rating of the object. Thus, there is shown on housing 2| a manually operable control switch |26 designated a ratio switch, which serves to set up a predetermined relation between weight and volume in determining the rating. Moreover there is shown a switch |21 designated the zone switch which serves to multiply the basic charge or rating by a predetermined factor illustratively in accordance with the postal or other zone to which the object is to be transferred.

Thus the meter |22 will indicate the amount to be charged for transportation of an object placed on the equipment, such charge'to depend usually on weight. But in all such cases where the volume is to be the controlling factor, such volume rather than the weight, shall control the meter reading, which reading automatically takes into account also the ratio factor determined by switch |25 and the zone factor determined by switch |21, all of which will appear more clearly from the following description of the electrical circuits.

Referring now to the simplied circuit diagram in Fig.- 9 there is shown a discriminator circuit illustratively in the form of a Wheatstone bridge |3| supplied from a source of fixed potential |32 and 83, a switch |34 mounted on the front panel |23 of the housing 2|, being in series with source |32, |33. The arm |85 of the bridge is of variable resistance and desirably comprises three resistor banks designated RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3, each of value to effect a current flow proportional to the logarithm of the dimension being measured' and which may be mounted respectively on insulating plates ||9 on wall 85, platform 83 and wall 84 to measure length, width and height 7. respectively, said resistor banks being connected in parallel and of value to eiect a combined current flow therethrough which is proportional to the logarithm of the volume of any object being rated. The arm |36 of the bridge is also of variable resistance and illustratvely comprises a resistor bank WB suitably mounted in the housing 2| and of value to effect a current flow therethrough which is determined by the Weight of the same object, which current (for a pre-determined relation between volume and weight) is to be equal to the current through arm |35. Arms |31 and |38 of the Wheatstone bridge are desirably fixed resistances of equal value that serve to balance the bridge as readily understood.

The circuit shown in Fig. 9 is connected normally to eiect a reading on the rating meter |22 which is based on the weight parameter, but has a switch, automatically to render the volume the parameter which effects the reading on the rating meter, under conditions where the volume becomes the predominant parameter upon which the rating is to be based. For this purpose the coil |42 of a polarized relay |43 illustratively of the type put out by Struthers Dunn Company of Philadelphia, Pa., and designated 59-XAX, may be connected across contacts |44 and |45 of a servo amplifier |46 such as the type put out by the Brown Instrument Division of the Minneapolis- Honeywell Regulator Co. and designated Brown Electronik continuous balance unit No. 354,574 which is connected across points |41 and |48 of the Wheatstone bridge |3I to amplify the relatively weak currents therefrom.

The armature |52 of the relay carries a switch arm |53 normally urged by coil spring |54 against xed contact |55 for normal connection to the rating meter |22 of a variable resistance WM also mounted in suitable manner in housing 2| and identical with the resistance WB in the weight arm |36 of the Wheatstone bridge, and supplied from a source of potential |56, |51, the source |51 also being applied through switch |34 which is of the double pole type.

The relay armature |52 also carries a second switch arm |59 normally disengaged from a corresponding fixed contact |6| and moved into engagement therewith upon energization of the relay coil |42 by a preponderating current through the volume arm |35 of the Wheatstone bridge. Upon such operation the circuit to resistance WM will be interrupted and instead a circuit will be completed to rating meter |22 through parallel connected volume resistor banks RBM-l, REM-2 and EBM-3 mounted on insulating plates I I9 and which are identical with the resistances inthe volume arm I 35 of the Wheatstone bridge and supplied from the source of potential |56, |51.

It may be desirable to introduce a factor in determining the rating in order to give a greater or lesser rating significance to the volume with respect to the Weight, than that for which the circuit is normally set. This is desirably accomplished by providing auxiliary resistances RaV and RaW mounted in housing 2|. These auxiliary resistances RaV and RaW may be placed in series with the Wheatstone bridge arms |35 or |36, but it is preferred to place them in parallel with such arms respectively as indicated in Fig. 9 of the drawings. Each of these resistances RaV and RaW is normally out of circuit lby reason of the normally open switch |26 associated therewith. Each of these resistances is of value such as to pass a current proportional 'to the logarithm In addition, an adjutable resistance Z in themeter circuit, is so connected that it may be placed in parallel with either the three-volume resistor banks RBM-.L yREM-2 and REM-3 or the weight resistor WM to increase the current through the rating meter |22 by a predetermined multiple, in order to give a direct reading for various zones. This resistance Z, which is placed in circuit by the closing of switch |21, is of magnitude to pass a current proportional to the logarithm of the rating multiplier introduced, so

that the anti-logarithmic scale on the rating meter |22 will show the product of the rating change caused by the weight or volume as the case may be by the zone multiplier.

The resistors in the volume arm |35 of the Wheatstone bridge and the corresponding resistors HBM-I, RB2 and RB-3 in the rating meter circuit are controlled in unison as are also the resistor in the weight arm |36 of the Wheatstone bridge and the corresponding resistor WM in the rating meter circuit thereof. Accordingly, the resistors of each of such pairs will have the same effective value, depending on the volume or weight as the case may be of the object.

In the light of the foregoing description, the more detailed illustrative circuit of Fig. 10 shown in order to assure compliance with statutory requirements and now to be described will be more readily understood.

As shown in Fig. l0 in which the reference numerals correspond to those of Fig. 9, a resistor is connected at one end as at |62 to each of the contact strips |I4 mounted on insulating strips ||6 to form the bridge resistor banks RBB-I, RBB-2 andRBB-3 respectively, four' resistors being illustrtaively shown in each bank although it is to be understood that any desired number could be used, the resistors in each bank which are mounted on the associated insulating plate IIS being designated RL-2 to RL-B to determine length, RW-2 to RW-5 to determine width and RH-2 to RH-5 to determine height. The resistors which form meter resistor banks RBM-I, RBM-2 and BBM-3 and which are connected at one end as at |63 to the contact strips I|4 mounted on insulating strip I|5 are respectively of identically the same values.

The contact rails |I1 which are engaged by the associated wiper arms |I2 which ride on the contact strips I I4 mounted on the insulating strip I I5, are connected together by common lead |64, which is connected to positive source |56. The contact rails I|8 engaged by the associated Wiper arms |I3 which ride on the contact strips I I4 mounted on the insulating strip I6 are oonnected together by common lead |65 which is connected to positive source |32 by lead |66. The ends |63 of resistor banks RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3 are connected by common lead |69 to point |41 of the Wheatstone bridge I3|. The ends |12 of resistor banks RBM-I, REM-2, BBM-3 are connected together by common lead |13 which is connected by lead |14 to the terminal |15 of meter |24, which desirably has an vanti-logarithmic scale,.terminal |16 of said meter `the movement of the contact rollers 55 and 56 on the contact strips of rings 51 and 58, which `are connected respectively to resistor banks WM and WB. Such resistor banks WM and WB delsirably comprise a plurality of resistors, six of which are illustratively shown and designated respectively WM-I to WM-6 and WBA to WB-S inclusive, each resistor being associated with a given weight. The resistor banks WM and WB are so arranged that upon movement of the associated contact rollers 55 and 56 thereon by the weight of an object placed on platform 83 of the weighing scale only one of the resistors -of each of the resistor banks WM and WB will be in circuit. For this purpose one end |19, |80 of each of the resistors in each of the resistor banks WM and WB is connected to an associated `contact strip 62 shown in Fig. 7 in each ring 51, `58 respectively. The other ends |8|, |82 of each l electrically connected respectively by leads |85 and |90 to positive mains |56 and |32. The com- "mon lead |84 of resistor bank WB is connected by lead |9| to point |48 of Wheatstone bridge |3| and the common lead |83 of resistor bank WM is connected by lead |86 to terminal |81 of weight meter |25 which also desirably has an anti-logarithmic scale, the terminal |88 of said meter being connected by lead |89 to xed contact |55 normally engaged by contact |53.

The Contact |53 carried by armature |52 which normally engages fixed contact |53, is movable away therefrom when the coil |42 of relay |43 is energized, the movement of the armature at such time also bringing contacts |59 andA |6| into engagement. As shown in Fig. 10 the contacts |53 and |59 are connected by lead |9| which in turn is connected by lead |92 to terminal |93 of rating meter |22, the other terminal |94 of which is connected by lead |95 to the movable arm |96 of the switch |34, said arm being normally spaced from the xed contact |91 connected to negative main |51. The resistor banks RaV and RaW associated with ratio switch |26 shown in Fig. 1, each desirably comprises a plurality of resistors, only two of whichare shown in Fig. 10, rresistors RdV-2 and Rav-3 being at the left and resistors RaW-2 and RaW-3 being at the right. The RaV resistors are connected by lead 20| and lead 202to point |41 on the volume side of the Wheatstone bridge |3|, while the RaW resistors are connected by leads 203 and 204 to point |48 on the weight side of the Wheatstone bridge. Thus when arm 205 of ratio switch |26, which is connected to positive main |32 by lead 206, is thrown `to the left to engage the terminal 201 of any of the lRaV resistors, that resistor is connected in parallel with the three parallel connected resistance banks RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3 of the volume bank, and when said switch arm 205 is thrown to the right to engage the terminal 208 of any of the RaW resistors, that resistor is con- Z-4, the terminals 209 of which may be selectively engaged by the switch arm 2|| of switch |21, which is connected by leads 2|2 and |85 to the positive main |56. Resistors Z-2, Z-3 and Z-4 are electrically connected at their other terminals at 2|3 and through lead 2|4 are connected to the terminal |93 of the rating meter DETERMINATION OF RESISTOR MAGNITUDES Illustrative values will now be determined for the resistor sections of the two identical sets of resistor banks RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3, andRBM-I, BBM-2 and REM-3 of the' equipment shown in Fig. 10 and above described, on the assumption that a line voltage of volts D. C. is utilized.

If the current passing through each of the resistor banks RBBI, RBB-2 and RBB-3, for example, is proportional to the logarithm of the corresponding dimension classification, the sum of the currents through each of the resistor banks will be of such value that the anti-logarithm thereof (to be read as such or with corresponding monetary value o-n meter |22) will equal the product of the three dimensions or the volume classification of the object.

As appears in Tabulation I hereinafter set forth, the second column is the logarithm (to two Tabulation I Resistance in Ohms required in Circuit Current in Classification MilliamperES Logarithm From Tabulation I it can be seen that for an object having a length of two units and which will cause a current ilow of 30 ma., 3,666 ohms must remain in the circuit. If the length of the object is three, four or five units, from Tabulation I We see that there must be 2,292, 1,833 or 1,571 ohms in circuit' in order to give the desired current reading of 48, 60 or 70 ma.

With resistors having values thus determined, the total current flow through the parallel connected resistor banks RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3 will be proportional to the logarithm of the product of the dimensions, i. e., to the volume being measured. vThus, for example, if the unit of measurement is considered to be inches, if an object 2 inches by 2 inches by 2 inches is being measured, the current flow through each of the resistor banks RBB-l, RBB-2 and RBB-3 will be 30 ma. or a total of 90 ma., which is proportional to the logarithm of the volume of the object. From a table of logarithms the anti-logarithm of .90 is read as 8, the corresponding product which is the volume of the object that will be read as such or in corresponding monetary value upon the meter |22 which is illustratively calibrated in cents in increments of ve.

acsasvs In order to determine the values of the weight resistor banks WB and WM let it be assumed that 8 cubic inches of volume shall have the same rating as one pound of weight. Then with the circuit shown, weight will determine the rating whenever the object has a `volume of 8 cubic inches or less for each pound of weight. When- 'ever this relation is achieved by the volume and the weight of an object, the contacts |53 and |55 of the relay |43 remain in engagement. But when an object is being rated which has a volume of more than 8 cubic inches for one pound of `weight, contacts |53 and |55 will disengage to connect weight resistor bank WM and the contacts |59 and |6| of the relay will be moved into engagement to switch the output of volume resistor banks RBM-I, BBM-2 and REM-3 to meter |22.

More speciiically it is apparent that when the current through the volume arms RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3 of the bridge is equal to the current through the weight arm WB, the bridge will be balanced and no current will flow through coil |42. Hence contacts |53 and |55 will remain in engagement due to the spring |54 so that the resistor bank WM will be connected to meter |22.

If the current through the weight arm of the bridge should be greater than that through the volume arm, the bridge will be unbalanced and current will ilow through coil |42. However, as the armature |52 of the relay is polarized and positioned so that such current will ilow in direction not to move said armature, contacts |53 and |55 will remain in engagement and volume resistor bank WM will remain connected to meter If, however, the current flowing through the weight arm WB of the bridge should be less than the current flowing through the volume arm thereof, the bridge also will be unbalanced, but the current owing through coil |42 will flow in the opposite direction. As a result polarized armature |52 will move to disconnect contacts |53 and |55 and connect contacts |59 and |6| to disconnect weight resistor bank WM and to connect volume resistor banks BBM-l, EBM-2 and RBMeB in circuit with meter |22.

For the purpose of illustration, if We assume that the object has a volume of 40 cubic inches,

the Weight must be 5 pounds in order that the typical relation or not more than 8 cubic inches to one pound be maintained. For a volume o'f 40 cubic inches, 160 ma. of current will flow in the volume resistor banks RBB-i, RBB-2 and RBB-3. It is therefore necessary that for the bridge to be balanced when the weight of the object is 5 pounds, 160 ma. must flow through the weight resistor bank WB. At 110 volts this will require that resistor WB-Z which is associated with the 5 pound indication of the scale be 688 ohms.

Accordingly, the following tabulation will show the resistances required in the weight banks for typical values when the rating for 8 cubic inches equals that for one pound.

When a greater volume than the illustrative s cubic inches is to have a rating equal to one pound of weight, as for example, when twice that volume or 16 cubic inches is to have the same rating as one pound, it is merely necessary appropriately to increase the current flowing to point |48 or the weight portion of the bridge for balance.

For this purpose it is merely necessary to add resistance in parallel `with the weight arm of the bridge the value of which will produce a current which is proportional to the logarithm of two so that the current flow would be that caused by a weight of 2 pounds. From Tabulation I it appears that the required resistance, RaW-2 is 3,666 ohms, which will increase the current now to point |4'8 to 120 ma. Similarly, if it is desired to change the ratio to 24 cubic inches to one pound, it is merely necessary to multiply by three and the value of resistor RaW-3 to effect current now proportional to the logarithm of three is 2,292 ohms.

Where a lesser volume than the illustrative 8 cubic inches is to have a rating equal to one pound of weight, as for example, where up to but not including twice the weight or two pounds is to have the same rating as 8 cubic inches, it is merely necessary appropriately to increase the current owing to point |41 or the volume side of the bridge for balance.

This may be accomplished by adding resistance in parallel with the volume arm of the bridge to increase the current to point |41 and the values of such resistors RMN-2 and Rav-3 are identical with the respective resistors RaW-2 and RaW-3, i. e., 3,666 ohms and 2,292 ohms respectively.

As previously pointed out, the meter |22 has an anti-logarithmic scale calibrated to read the charge in cents or other monetary units. Assuming that a charge of five cents is made for every pound or for every 8 cubic inches, the meter` will read l0, 15, 20 or 25 cents when the object weighs 2, 3, 4 or 5 pounds or has a volume of 16, 24, 32 or 40 cubic inches respectively.

If the charges to be made are based on zones and the basic charge for a one pound package of volume of 8 cubic inches or less in zone 1 is 5 cents. it may be doubled or trebled for zones 2 or 3 for example by adding either the resistor Z4 or Zv-3 in parallel with the parallel connected resistor banks REM-I, BBM-2, RBM-3 or with resistor bank WM as the case may be by movei ment of switch arm 2| The resistors Z-2 and z-a are of value to increase the current now to the desired amount to give a reading on meter |22 which is double or triple the basic reading.

OPERATION To rate an object which may be, for example, 2 inches by 2` inches by 2 inches, it is merely neces sary to place it `on platform 83 and move'the measuring members 92, 93, 94 in engagement therewith as previously described.

As a result, the associated wiper arms I2, ||8 will engage the contact strips |4 associated with resistors RL-Z of resistor banks RBB-I and RBM-I, resistors RW-f-2 of resistor banks RBB-2 and REM-2, and resistors RH-2 of resistor banks RBB-3 and RBM3.

If the object weighs one pound, for example, contact rollers 55 and 58 will engage the contacts 62 on rings 51 and 58 associated with resistor WM-I and WB| respectively.

When the frame 82 which is carried by the weighing scale is at rest the operator may close switch |34. A: a result a circuit will be completed from the source of power |32lead |66 to the common lead |65 connected to rails |8 associated with resistor banks RBB-L RBB-2 and RBB-3, through such rails. wiper armsf ||3 and resistors RL-2, RW-Z and Rl-I-Z yto common leads |68 Awhich isconnected to point I 41 of the bridge |3|.

As the resistors RL-Z, RW-2 and RH-Z are in parallel the resultant current which will now through the 4point |41 of the bridge |3| and resistor |31 through closed switch |34 to negative main |33 will be 90 ma. Similarly the same amount of current will flow through from positive main |56, lead |65 through rails ||1, wiper arms ||2, resistorsRL-Z, RW-2 and RH2 of resistor banks EBM-I, REM-2 and BBM-3, common lead |12, leads |13, |14 and meter |24 to fixed contact |6| of relay |43 when the contact |6| is connected in circuit. i

'With the weight of `one pound on platform 83, current will flow through resistor WB-I which has a value of 1,222 ohms so that a current of 90 ma. will flow therethrough. The current is from positive main |32, through leads |90, bracket 18, roller 14, slip ring 68, conducting strip 66, bracket 52, roller 56, strip 62, resistor WB-I associated therewith, common lead |84, lead |9| to point |48 0f the bridge.

Similarly, the same amount of current will flow from positive main |56, lead |85, bracket 11, roller 13, slip ring 61, conducting strip 65, bracket roller 55, strip 62, resistor WM-I associated therewith, common lead |83, lead |86, meter |25,

` lead |89 to contact |55 which is engaged by movable arm |53 thence through leads |9 |92, meter |22, lead |95, closed switch |34 to negative main |51.

As the currents applied kto points |41 and |48 of the bridge are identical the bridge will be in balance and hence no current will flow through the coil |42 of relay |43. As a result movable contact 53 thereof will remain in engagement with fixed contact |55. The 90 ma. of current flowing through meter |22 and through meter |25 will cause a reading of 5 cents to be effected on meter |22 and one pound on meter |25.

If the object should have a volume of 8 cubic inches and the weight should be, for example, 2 pounds, the current flowing to point |41 of the bridge will be 90 ma. as previously described. The current through resistor WB-Z which will be in circuit at a weight of 2 pounds, to point |48 of the bridge will be 120 ma. As a result the bridge will be unbalanced and current will flow through the servo amplier |46 to be amplied and through coil 42 of relay |43. However, as the armature |52 is polarized in manner so that it will not move when the weight current preponderates, contacts |53 and |55 will remain in engagement. Consequently, 120 ma. of current will flow through meters |25 and |22 as previously described so that meter |25 will indicate 2 pounds and meter |22 will indicate 10 cents.

If the object being measured should be 2" inches by 2 inches by 4 inches or 16 cubic inches and the weight should be one pound, the current flowing to point |41 of the bridge due to parallel resistor banks RBB-4, RBB-2 and RBB-3 will be 120 ma., Whereas the current at point |48 of the bridge from resistor WB-I will be 90 ma. As a result, the bridge will be unbalanced and current will ow through coil |42 in direction to draw the polarized armature |52 to the left as shown in Fig. l0. Consequently, movable contact |53 will be disconnected from fixed contact 55 and movable contact |59, will engage xed .contact |6|. As a result a current of 120 ma. will flow through meters |22 land |24 to indicate 10` cents and 16 cubic inches respectively.

The operation thus far described has been with respect to the predetermined relation of 8 to 1 with a charge of 5 cents for each 8 cubic inches or each pound. Where it is desired to allow the shipper to transport double the volume for a given Weight for the same price, that is, 16 cubic inches for five cents, it is merely necessary to move switch arm 205 so that it engages contact 208 associated with resistor RaW-2 which has a value of 3,666 ohms, to put the latter in parallel with the resistors in the resistor bank WB.

Thus, for example, if the volume is 16 cubic inches and the weight is one pound, the current through resistor banks RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3 to point |41 of the bridge as previously pointed out will be 120 ma. Resistor RaW-2 will be in parallelwith resistor WB-l which has a value of 1222 ohms so that the total resistance will be 917 ohms and 120 ma. will also ow to point |48. Consequently the bridge will remain balanced when the volume of the object is 16 cubic inches and its weight is one pound. With the bridge in balance no current will ow through coil |42 and the circuit previously described will be completed through resistor WM| and meters |25 and 22 and as ma. will flow through said meters they will indicate one pound and iive cents respectively. I

If the volume should be greater than 16 cubic inches, such as for example, 24 cubic inches, and the weight should still be one pound with the ratio switch arm 205 still engaging the contact 208 associated with resistor RaW-2, 138 ma. will iiow to point |41 of the bridge thereby unbalancing the bridge in the manner previously described so that the resistor banks RBM-l, BBM-2 and REM-3 will be placed in series with thev meters |24 and |22 and a current of 138 ma. will flow through such meters to give a volume indication of 24 cubic inches and a charge of fifteen cents respectively.

Similarly, if it is desired to allow the shipper to transport up to but not including double the weight for a given volume for the same price, that is, up to but not including two pounds for live cents with a relation such as 8 to 2, between volume and weight, it is a simple matter to move movable contact arm 205 of ratio switch |26 to engage fixed contact 201 to place resistor Rav-2 in parallel with the volume resistor banks RBB-I RBB-2 and RBB-3.

The addition of resistor RdV-2 which has a value of 3,666 ohms, in parallel with the resistance of parallel connected resistor banks RBB-I, RBB-2 and RBB-3 which have a combined value of 1,222 ohms for 8 cubic inches will give a resultant resistance of 917 ohms so that the ma. will iiow to point |41 of the bridge to overcome the 90 ma. `flowing through the weight arm of the bridge due to a weight of over one pound but less than two pounds on the scale. Consequently the relay will be energized to switch resistor banks RBM-I, HBM-2 and REM-3 in circuit and as a current of 90 ma. is iiowing through such resistors a charge of but ve cents will be indi- .cated on meter |22, even though the weight of is changed, i. e., to 8 to 3. In either case, the weight resistors WM will be in circuit as previously described and the charge on meter |22 will indicate 10 or l5 cents as the case may be based on the Weight of the object.

With the zoning switch |21 in the position shown vin Fig. 10 the current flow through the charge meter |22 will depend solely upon the current flowing through either the volume resistor banks RBM-I, BBM-2 and REM-3 or the weight resistor WM, whichever is in circuit. If, `for example, the weight resistor bank is in circuit and a weight of one pound is producing a current of 90 ma. through the meter, a reading of five cents will be given. Ii it is desired to double the rate in the event that the package is to be shipped to a second zone further away,` it is a relatively simple matter to move switch arm 2li of zone switch |21 to engage contact 209 associated with resistor Z-2 so that the latter will be put in parallel `with resistor WM-I. As resistor Z-Z has a value of 3,666 ohms and resistor WM-I has a value ci 1,222 ohms, the resultant resistance will be 917 ohms so that 120 ma. will flow through meter |22 to indicate a charge of ten cents. Similarly the charge may be `multiplied by 3, 4 or other factors as desired.

By means of thc method and equipment above set forth. the rating of objects may be determined in rapid sequence upon meter |22 as may also. if desired, the volume of each object on meter |24 and its weight on meter |25. With equipment of approximately large dimensions, the rating, volume or weight of a generally rectangular stack or pile or collection of articles may be determined as a `group in one operation. After each object or group of objects is removed from the platform 83 and the switch |34 released, the equipment becomes automatically cleared by the interruption of the circuit to power sources |33 and |51.

While the equipment herein is lordinarily used for rating rectangular objects it is of course capable of rating round objects or irregular objects as the measuring members may be readily adapted to engage the extremities of such objects.

As many changes could be made in the above equipment and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope of the claims, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patf ent of the United States is:

1. Equipment for rating an `object according t0 its respective dimensions, comprising va frame to carry such object, slidable means on said frame to engage the top, anend and a side of said object to `determine its height, length and width respectively, circuit control means responsive to the position of said slidable means, and current limiting means under control of the respective control means and each of magnitude to pass a current proportional to the logarithm of the corresponding dimension of such object.

2. Equipment for rating an object according to its respective dimensions, comprising a frame having a substantially rectangular horizontal platform to carry such object, said platform having upstanding walls along two adjacent edges thereof, slidable means on said platform and each of said walls to engage an end, a side and the top of such object to determine its length, width and height respectively, circuit control means rresponsive to the position of said slidable means, and current limiting means under the control of the respective control means and cachot magnitude to pass a current proportional to the logarithm of the corresponding dimension of such object.

3. Equipment for rating an object according to its respective dimensions, comprising a frame having a substantially rectangular horizontal platform to carry such object, said platform having upstanding walls along two adjacent edges thereosaid platform and said walls having elongated slots therein adjacent the three `axes of n. three dimensional system of rectangular coordinates, slidable means movable along each of said slots to engage the top, an end and a side of such object to determine its height, length and width respectively, circuit control means responsive to thc position oi' said slidable means, and current limiting means under the control of the respective control means and each of magnitude to pass a current proportional to the logarithm of the corresponding dimension of such object.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3 in which the control means comprises a plurality of contact strips associated with each o! said slots and each of said control means comprises a wiper arm adapted to engage said contact strips, the current limiting means comprises a resistance connected to each of said contact strips and placed in circuit when the associated contact-strip is engaged by the wiper arm.

5. The combination set forth in claim 4 in which a conducting rail is yassociated with each of said slots and extends parallel thereto and said wiper arm normally engages said conducting rail.

6. The combination set forth in claim 3 in which the control means comprises an insulating strip associated with each of said slots and extending' parallel thereto, a plurality of contact strips are mounted on each of said insulating strips, each of said control means comprises a wiper arm adapted to engage said contact strips, a conducting rail is associated with each of said slots and extends parallel thereto, said wiper arm normally engaging said conducting rail, and the current limiting means comprises a resistance connected to each of said contact strips and placed in circuit when the associated contact strip is engaged by the wiper arm.

'1. The combination set forth in claim` 6v in which said circuit control means comprises a pair of :blocks aixed to each other and positioned respectively on opposite sides of the associated slot and said wiper arm is mounted on said blocks and insulated therefrom,

8. Thev combination set forth in claim 6 in which said circuit. control means comprises a pair of blocks affixed to each other and positioned respectively on opposite sides of the associated slot. one of said blocks having an insulating strip affixed thereto and mounting said wiper arm.

9. The combination set forth in claim 6 in which said platform and said walls each comprises a pair of spaced parallel plates and said slots are in the plates on the inside of said ,frame and said insulating strips are positioned in the space between said plates amxed to the plates having the slots therein.

l0. Equipment for rating objects, comprising a frame to carry such object, slidable means on said frame to engage. the top, an end and a side of said object to determine. its height, length and width respectively, circuit control means responsive 'to the position ofsaid slidable means, current limiting means under control of the respective control means and eachof magnitude tol pass a current proportional to the logarithm of the corresponding dimension of the object, a weighing scale carrying said frame, circuit control means responsive to the weight of such object, current limiting means under control of the latter control means, said two current limiting means being' correlated so that for corresponding sequences of numerical values of volume and weight, the currents passed by the respective current limiting means are equal, an electric indicating device having a response that has an anti-logarithmic relation to the current flow therethrough, and means responsive to the relative currents in the respective current limiting means, selectively to pass through the electric indicating device a current equal to that through one or the other of said current limiting means.

1l. Equipment for rating an object comprising a frame to carry such object, slidable means on said frame to engage the top, an end and a side of such object to determine its height, length and Width respectively, circuit control means responsive to the position of said slidable means, current limiting means under control of the respective control means, said control means being designed to place a portion of the current limiting means in circuit of magnitude correlated respectively with the corresponding dimensions of the object, a weighing scale carrying said frame, circuit control means responsive to the weight of the object on said frame, current limiting means under control of the latter control means, said first current limiting means and said second current limiting means being correlated so that for corresponding sequences of numerical values of volume and weight, the currents passed by the respective current limiting means are equal, an electric indicating device having a response related to the current flow therethrough and means responsive to the relative currents in said two current limiting means, selectively to pass through the electric indicating device current equal to that through one or the other of said current limiting means.

l2. The combination set forth in claim 11 in which said frame has a substantially rectangular horizontal platform to carry such object, said platform having upstanding Walls along two adjacent edges thereof, said slidable means being movable along said platform and each of said walls to engage the end, a side and the top of such object respectively.

13. The combination set forth in claim l1 in which said scale includes a rotatable member, the circuit control means comprises contact means carried by said rotatable member, a contact ring comprising a plurality of contact strips associated With said contact means, said contact means engaging said contact strips as said rotatable member is revolved, each of said contact strips having a current limiting means connected thereto and placed in circuit when the associated contact strip is engaged by the contact means to give the indication correlated with the weight of such object.

14. The combination set forth in claim 1l in which said frame has a substantially rectangular horizontal platform to carry such object, said platform having upstanding walls along two adjacent edges thereof, said platform and said walls having elongated slots therein adjacent the three axes of a three dimensional system of rectangular 18 coordinates,` said slidable means being' movable along each of saidslots to engage the top, end and side of such object to determine its. height, length and width respectively.r

15. The combination set forth in claim 14 in which said first named circuit control means includes a pair of insulating strips extending longitudinally of each'of said slots on each side thereof respectively, a plurality of spaced Contact strips mounted on each of said insulating strips, each of said slidable members having a pair of Wiper arms mounted thereon and insulated therefrom and from each other, said wiper arms engaging the contact strips on each of saidinsulating strips respectively, a pair of conducting rails associated with each of said slots extending longitudinally thereof and engaged respectively by said wiper arms, each of said contact strips having a resistance connected thereto and placed in circuit when the associated contact strip is engaged by the associated wiper arm.

16. The combination set` forth in claim 11 in which said scale includes a rotatable member, the second named circuitcontrol means comprises a pair ofcontact lmeans carried by said rotatable member insulated therefrom and from each other, a pair of concentric contact rings each comprising a plurality of contact strips associated respectively with said pair of contact means, the latter engaging the contact strips in the associated ring, each of said contact strips having a resistance connected thereto and placed in circuit when the associated contact strip is engaged by the associated contact means to give the indication correlated with the Weight of such object.

17. The combination set forth in claim 11 in which said scale includes a rotatable member, the second named circuit control means comprises a pair of contact means carried by said rotatable member', insulated therefrom and from each other, a pair of concentric contact rings each comprising a plurality of contact strips associated respectively with said pair of contact means, the latter engaging the contact strips on the associated ring, a second pair of contact means carried by said rotatable member, insulated therefrom and from each other and electrically connected respectively to said first pair of contact means, a pair of concentric slip rings engaged respectively by said second pair of contact means, each of said contact strips having a resistance connected thereto and placed in circuit when the associated contact strip is engaged by the associated contact means to give the indication correlated with the weight of such object.

1B. Equipment for rating an object comprising a frame to carry such object, distance sensing means associated with said frame responsive to the height, length and width respectively of such object, current limiting means corresponding to height, length and width respectively, means responsive respectively to said sensing means for controlling the respective current limiting means to place in circuit so much of the current limiting means as is of .magnitude correlated respectively with the corresponding dimensions of such object, volume current limiting means, means under control of said control means to place in circuit so much of said volume current limiting means as is of magnitude correlated with the volume of such object, weight determining means, weight circuit control means responsive to the weight of such object, weight current limiting means under control of the weight circuit conresponse related to the current flow therethrough and means responsive to the relative currents in said volume and said weight current limiting means, selectively to pass through the electric indicating device current related to that through one or the other oi' said volume and Weight current limiting means.

19. Equipment for rating an object comprising a frame to carry such object, distance sensing means on said frame responsive to the height, length and width respectively, of such object, circuit control means responsive respectively to said sensing means, current limiting means under control oi.' the respective control means, said control means being designed to `place a portion of the associated current limiting means in circuit of magnitude correlated respectively with the corresponding dimensions of such object, weight determining means carrying said frame, circuit control means responsive to the weight of an object on said frame, current limiting means 20 under control of the latter control means; said first current limiting means and `said second current limiting means being correlated so that for corresponding sequences of numerical `values of volume and weight, the currents passed by the respective current limiting means having a predetermined relation, an electric indicating device having a response related to the current now therethrough and means responsive to the relative currents through said two current limiting means, selectively to pass through the electric indicating device current related to that through one or the other of said current limiting means.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,560,046 Dye Nov. 3, 1925 1,573,850 Naiman Feb. 23, 1926 1,853,198 Breadon Apr. 12, 1932 2,025,407 Williams Dec. 24, 1935 2,108,575 Benedict Feb. 15. 1938 2,256,833 McDonald Sept. 23, 1941 2,341,182 Jones Feb. 8, 1944 2,431,696 Keister Dec. 2,1947 2,449,019 Smith Sept. 7,1948 2,517,180 Davis Aug. 1, 1950 2,571,161

Poole Oct. 16, 1951 

